The meeting between Atahualpa, emperor of the Inca Empire, and Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistador, was a defining moment in Latin American history. In this Opening Up the Textbook (OUT) lesson plan, students read a textbook account of the event followed by two primary sources to answer this question: Did Atahualpa hold the Bible to his ear?

Image source: Portrait of Atahualpa from Peru in the mid-18th century. Retrieved from the Brooklyn Museum.